Mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive type of cancer that develops in the mesothelium, a thin layer of tissue that covers certain internal organs. This cancer is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos, a mineral fiber that was widely used in building materials for many years, and roofing that is still in use in Nigeria till date.
What is Mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is a malignant tumor that can form in various parts of the body, including:
Pleural mesothelioma: This is the most common type, affecting the tissue surrounding the lungs.
Peritoneal mesothelioma: This type affects the tissue lining the abdomen.
Pericardial mesothelioma: This type affects the tissue surrounding the heart.
Causes of Mesothelioma
The primary cause of mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos. Asbestos was widely used in various industries, including construction, shipbuilding, and manufacturing. People who worked in these industries or lived near asbestos-contaminated sites were at a higher risk of exposure.
In rural areas and some urban towns, where water sources may be more susceptible to contamination, rainfall can wash asbestos fibers from contaminated sites, such as abandoned mines or industrial facilities, into nearby water sources. These fibers can then be ingested through contaminated drinking water, leading to serious health consequences. Also, collecting rain water falling on asbestos-made roof for drinking can pose a serious health risk.
Symptoms of Mesothelioma
The symptoms of mesothelioma can vary depending on the location of the tumor. However, some common symptoms include:
Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, even with mild exertion.
Chest pain: Pain or discomfort in the chest.
Cough: A persistent cough that doesn’t go away.
Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss.
Fatigue: Feeling tired and weak.
Fever: Unexplained fever.
Diagnosis of Mesothelioma
Diagnosing mesothelioma can be challenging, as the symptoms may mimic other conditions. However, a combination of tests can help confirm the diagnosis, including:
Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray can show abnormalities in the lungs.
CT scan: A CT scan provides more detailed images of the chest and abdomen.
Pleural biopsy: A sample of tissue from the pleura is removed for examination under a microscope.
Peritoneal biopsy: A sample of tissue from the peritoneum is removed for examination under a microscope.
Treatment for Mesothelioma
Treatment for mesothelioma depends on the stage of the cancer and the overall health of the patient. Treatment options may include:
Surgery: Removing the tumor surgically, if possible.
Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Targeted therapy: Using drugs that target specific molecules involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells.
Immunotherapy: Stimulating the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.
Prognosis for Mesothelioma
The prognosis for mesothelioma is generally poor, as the cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. However, with recent advancements in treatment, some patients may experience longer survival times.
Prevention of Mesothelioma
The best way to prevent mesothelioma is to avoid exposure to asbestos. If you have been exposed to asbestos, it is important to seek medical evaluation and monitoring.
For rural drinking water, installing filtration systems, and also distilling water can help remove asbestos fibers from the water supply.
If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of mesothelioma, it is important to seek medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis.
Mesothelioma Awareness Day
Mesothelioma Awareness Day is an annual event dedicated to raising awareness of mesothelioma, and the damaging effects of asbestos exposure. The exact date of Mesothelioma Awareness Day varies each year, but it is typically held in September or October. The date set aside this year is September 26th.
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